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Sustainable_sv_2 Silicon Valley these days is the epicenter of all things green, home to renewable energy entrepreneurs, ecologically minded venture capitalists and global warming-fighting CEOs. Moreover, Sustainable Silicon Valley, a coalition of tech giants, utilities like PG&E (PCG), local governments and non-profits, has set a target of slashing the region’s greenhouse gas emissions 20 percent below 1990 levels by 2010. The valley is, in local parlance, eating its own dog food. On Tuesday, the group released its annual CO2 report. While some individual companies have dramatically cut their carbon footprints and the valley’s overall emissions have fallen slightly since 2000, Sustainable Silicon Valley won’t realize its ambitious 2010 goal. "Unless a miracle happens between 2007 and 2010, it’s highly unlikely," Sustainable Silicon Valley executive director Rick Row told Green Wombat.

Why? Blame it on the car in carbon. A whopping 56 percent of Silicon Valley’s greenhouse gas emissions came from the tail pipe in 2006 (compared to 40 percent for California as a whole). A trip down one of the valley’s traffic-choked freeways is a graphic reminder of the region’s dependence on and love affair with the automobile. The bottom line is that you can cover Applied Materials (AMAT), Hewlett-Packard (HPQ) and other companies in solar panels but you won’t make significant strides in cutting carbon emissions until you deal with the monster in the garage. "We don’t have traditional city centers and clear corridors that people can commute along," says Row. "The problem with cars is that people only think about the marginal costs of driving" not the global impact.

Some Silicon Valley companies are trying to cut their employees’ commute. About half of Sun Microsystems’ (JAVA) workers telecommute while Google (GOOG) and Yahoo (YHOO) dispatch biodiesel-powered shuttles to ferry employees to corporate campuses. Those companies and others also offer subsidies toward the purchase of fuel efficient cars and encourage car-pooling. But the Sustainable Silicon Valley report underscores the necessity of replacing the infernal combustion engine with electric motors and fuels cells. While valley VCs have invested in local electric car company Tesla Motors and various biofuel startups, they and the region’s legions of entrepreneurs have appeared more interested in solar energy and other green plays than solving the car carbon conundrum.

Server Farms Go Solar

Aiso_phil_nail03Green Wombat has written a lot lately about the greening of the data center and efforts by companies like Sun Microsystems (JAVA), Google (GOOG), Intel (INTC), and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) to slash the power consumption of energy-hungry servers. But perhaps the ultimate eco-friendly server farm is a small 100 percent solar-powered data center in the Southern California desert called AISO.net. Green Wombat visited AISO co-founder and CTO Phil Nail recently for a story that appears in the final issue of Business 2.0 magazine and is now available online.

Pge_cfl
In the U.S.’ biggest compact fluorescent light bulb giveaway, California utility PG&E began handing out 1 million energy-efficient CFLs today. The bulbs use 75 percent less electricity than conventional incandescent lighting and they’ve become something of an icon in the fight against global warming given that lighting accounts for a big chunk of greenhouse gas emissions. Wal-Mart (WMT) in particular has jumped on the CFL bandwagon, announcing Tuesday it had already exceeded its goal of selling 100 million bulbs by the end of 2007. 

The PG&E (PCG) giveaway is part of its efforts to push 20 million CFLs into customers’ homes by the end of the year. PG&E spokesperson Keely Wachs told Green Wombat that the utility will spend $1.25 million on the freebies. Or more accurately, PG&E customers will spend that as the giveaway comes under the utility’s state-mandated energy efficiency efforts whose costs regulators permit to be recouped through electricity rates. "The benefits of handing these out and the energy efficiency that will be realized far outweigh our costs to customers," Wachs says.

PG&E estimates over the lifetime of the 1 million bulbs – if they’re installed in California homes – will save more 400,000 megawatts of electricity and eliminate 200,000 tons of greenhouse gases. Tomorrow PG&E will announce a deal with Safeway (SWY) grocery stores to sell CFLs at a discount.

Dia
photo: slinger5

Denver International Airport is installing a 2-megawatt solar array to provide up to half the electricity needed to power the facility’s people-mover transit system. In an increasingly common financial  arrangement for commercial solar installations, green energy financier MMA Renewable Ventures (MMA) will finance and own the project and sell the electricity it produces to the airport under a long-term power purchase agreement.

The twist here is that Colorado utility Xcel Energy (XEL) will buy the renewable energy credits associated with the solar project and use them to help fulfill its obligation to source 20 percent of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. (In many states solar, wind and other renewable energy projects are assigned RECs to account for the value of the clean power they produce. Such credits then can sold or traded.) Under Colorado law, utilities can use such credits to meet that mandate. All in all a good deal for MMA Renewable Venutures, which as owner of the project will sell the RECs, receive a rebate from Xcel to help offset construction costs, get a hefty federal tax break, and receive guaranteed revenue from the electricity the solar array produces. 

PG&E’s Green Power

Pge_b2With PG&E in the news with its bid to become the nation’s leading solar utility, Business 2.0’s feature on the San Francisco company is timely. The story appears in the October – and last – issue of the magazine and is available online. The piece, written by Katherine Ellison and edited by Green Wombat, looks at PG&E’s (PCG) effort to remake itself as a cutting edge utility for a carbon-constrained world.

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In another big boost for the economic viability of large-scale solar power plants, California utility PG&E said today it will buy an additional 1,000 megawatts of solar thermal power over the next five years. That’s on top of the gigawatt the utility already has committed to purchase.

"PG&E (PCG) has identified solar thermal technology as a reliable energy source that can provide millions of American electric customers with some of the cleanest and most cost-effective renewable energy,"
said PG&E CEO Peter Darbee in a statement. A 1,000 megawatts  of solar electricity would power about 750,000 homes, according to PG&E.

One likely beneficiary PG&E’s pledge is Silicon Valley solar startup Ausra. The company, backed by green investor Vinod Khosla and venture capital firm Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers, has been negotiating with PG&E to build solar power plants for the utility. Ausra executive vice president John O’Donnell declined to comment on the status of those negotiations.

So far PG&E has signed a deal for a 553-megawatt plant with Israeli solar company Solel and is continuing to negotiate a 500-megawatt deal with BrightSource Energy, the Oakland, California-based company founded by solar pioneer Arnold Goldman. Today’s commitment, made at the  Clinton Global Initiative summit in New York City, would make PG&E the nation’s largest solar utility, putting it ahead of California utilities Southern California Edison (EIX) and San Diego Gas & Electric (SRE). The announcement comes as Florida utility FPL (FPL) said it will spend $1.5 billion over the next seven years to build solar thermal power plants, including a 300-megawatt power station using Ausra’s technology.

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In a sign that Big Solar is moving beyond the California desert, Florida utility FPL says it will spend $1.5 billion over the next seven years to build solar power plants in the Sunshine State. That includes a 300-megawatt solar power station using technology developed by Ausra, the Silicon Valley startup backed by green energy investor Vinod Khosla and venture capital powerhouse Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers.

“It has been widely believed that big solar power was economically viable in the U.S. only in the Southwest, and much of the institutionalized resistance to changing direction has come from the Southeast, an area thought to be renewables-poor,” Ausra executive vice president John O’Donnell told Green Wombat. “The FPL announcement lays down a marker that we can do renewables in the Southeast as well. Florida has perhaps the most at stake in climate change, with about 40 percent of its land mass due for submersion this century in the `business as usual case.’”

FPL (FPL) chairman Lewis Hayes echoed that sentiment. “Florida has much at stake with global warming,” he said in a statement. “FPL Group has evaluated Ausra’s new
solar thermal technology, and we view this breakthrough technology as a promising option to  make solar energy an economically sound addition to our power generation going forward.”

The utility will first build a 10-megawatt solar power plant with Ausra’s solar thermal technology, which uses long flat mirrors to focus the sun’s rays on tubes of water suspended over the arrays. The superheated water creates steam that drives an electricity-generating turbine. FPL is veteran solar power operator and currently runs seven solar power plants built in California’s Mojave Desert in the 1980s.

Ausra and FPL did not announce any specific contract today, a sign that a final agreement has not been signed. Such a deal would be a big boost to Ausra, which also has been negotiating with California utility PG&E (PCG). Ausra chairman David Mills told Green Wombat the company will soon file a development application with the California Energy Commission to build a 175-megawatt solar power station. To date, PG&E and California utilities Southern California Edison (EIX) and San Diego Gas & Electric have signed deals to buy nearly 3 gigawatts of solar thermal electricity.

FPL also said it will spend $500 million to construct a smart metering network that will allow consumers to go online and monitor their electricity consumption in real time. The hope is that such a metering widget will encourage people to conserve electricity – and save money – by running energy-hogging appliances when demand is low.

TeslaTesla Motors’ announcement that it is delaying production of its electric Roadster sports car until early 2008 to deal with quality-control issues has generated a lot of news coverage. (The car had been set to go into production later this year.) Less attention was paid to the Silicon Valley car company’s other news: EPA-approved testing shows that the Roadster will go 245 miles on a single charge in combined city/highway driving. (If you’re just zooming around town the range is 255 miles while a road trip will take you 235 miles before you need to plug in.) Tesla originally promised the Roadster would have a 250-mile range and then downgraded that estimate earlier this year to around 200 miles. If the new numbers hold up in extended real-life driving, it’s a significant milestone in the development of electric cars. The last production electric car, General Motors’ (GM) EV1 had a top range of about 140 miles. The ability to go 235-255 miles on a charge gives the Roadster a range competitive with fossil-fuel powered cars. (Of course, the nearly $100,000 two-seater is not competitive on price and you’ll be lucky to fit a bag or two of groceries in the trunk.)

According to Tesla’s blog, road tests also found that the car went 267 miles when driven "conservatively" around the Silicon Valley suburb of San Carlos; 230 miles on a grip to Lake Tahoe with two people and luggage; 186 miles when driven "aggressively" on the highway; and 165 miles in a "worst-case scenario" that consisted of "impatient commuting, aggressive stops and starts, high speeds" with the air conditioning blasting.

When Green Wombat interviewed Tesla founder Martin Eberhard in June, he commented on the extraordinary challenges of building an electric car company from the ground up. "Every single little problem that we’re dealing now is doable, but there’s lots of them," says Eberhard.  "Starting a car company is hard. We have an exotic car, with an entirely new drive train, and we’re putting together a supply chain from both automotive and non-automotive sources around the world. And we have all kinds of regulatory requirements."

Dell_earth_1Dell today said it will become the first computer maker to neutralize its greenhouse gas emissions. CEO Michael Dell announced a series of measures to shrink the company’s carbon footprint and offset  its greenhouse gas emissions in 2008. Upping the ante, he challenged rivals like  Hewlett-Packard (HPQ) to follow Dell’s (DELL) lead. Proclaiming a corporate commitment to carbon neutrality is all the rage these days and Dell joins tech giants like Google (GOOG), which has pledged to offset its greenhouse gas emissions by 2008. Meanwhile, Silicon Valley giants like Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Sun Microsystems (JAVA) have made public their carbon footprints.

Global warming talk, however, is cheap and Dell now needs to make good on its green words. The company reports its emissions to the Carbon Disclosure Project and data on its carbon footprint will be available Monday on the project’s site, a Dell spokesperson told Green Wombat. Dell said it has already been taking action to reduce its electricity use, from automatically shutting down machinery at night to installing energy efficient lighting. Earlier this year it required its suppliers to determine their greenhouse gas emissions as a first step in taking carbon out of its supply chain – a strategy embraced by companies like Wal-Mart (WMT). It also issued a mandate that some suppliers switch to biodiesel to power part of their transportation fleets.

Dell said it will invest in renewable energy like wind power and offset its remaining C02 emissions by putting cash into projects that reduce the risk of global warming. "Dell is working with stakeholders to shape its offset strategy, which will help ensure that offsets are invested in projects that can be monitored and verified," the company said in a statement. "Projects will be evaluated for their long-term viability and assurance that the carbon savings are real."

Sun_open_eco_2
Sun Microsystems today unveiled a web site where corporations can share greenhouse gas emissions data. A cross between a social networking site and an open-source software platform, OpenEco aims to encourage companies to collaborate on the best strategies for taking carbon out of their operations. Sun’s (JAVA) software lets companies upload greenhouse gas data from spreadsheets and other corporate documents, set greenhouse gas reductions targets and track their progress. Crowdsourcing  carbon is an intriguing idea but the big question is whether companies will be willing to give competitors an inside look at their operations. Some clearly will. Sun and chipmaker Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) have revealed their carbon footprint while Google (GOOG) has calculated and verified its greenhouse gas emissions but closely guards that data for competitive reasons. So far the only organizations to sign up with OpenEco are Ceres, a coalition of investors and public interest groups focused on environmental issues, and Natural Logic, an environmental consulting firm. Still, pressure is growing on companies to drop the corporate veil when it comes to global warming. Today the Carbon Disclosure Project – a non-profit that collects greenhouse gas emissions data from major corporations – reported that a record 77 percent of companies responded to its annual survey this year.

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